What is Duty to Inform?
Getting this wrong during a traffic stop can lead to a suspended license or a felony arrest. Find out if your state requires you to speak up, or if silence is legal.
Duty to Inform laws dictate whether you are legally required to disclose to a law enforcement officer that you are carrying a concealed firearm.
Immediate Duty
"The First Words"
As soon as an officer approaches you, your very first sentence must be a disclosure that you are carrying. Silence is a crime here. (e.g., Alaska, Michigan, North Carolina).
Upon Demand
"Don't Ask, Don't Tell"
You do not have to volunteer the information. However, if the officer explicitly asks "Do you have any weapons?", you MUST answer truthfully. Lying is a crime. (e.g., Ohio, Arizona, Pennsylvania).
No Duty
"Silence is Legal"
You are under no statutory obligation to disclose your firearm, even if stopped. Many attorneys still recommend doing so as a courtesy to lower tension. (e.g., Florida, Georgia).
Firearms legislation shifts rapidly. A pending bill in the 2025/2026 legislative session, Maine LD 1049, aims to completely repeal the state's duty-to-inform requirement for permitless carriers. Always verify your state's current legal status before carrying.
The "Passenger Trap"
It's not just for drivers. In strict "Immediate Duty" states, the law often applies to anyone with a concealed weapon, including passengers. If your Uber gets pulled over and you are carrying in Michigan, YOU may be required to speak up instantly, even if the cop isn't talking to you.
The National Landscape (2026 Snapshot)
Alabama
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
Under Alabama Code § 13A-11-95, it is a Class A misdemeanor to fail to truthfully inform a law enforcement officer that you are carrying a concealed firearm if they directly ask you.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Alaska
ImmediateYou must immediately inform the officer you are carrying.
Silence is a crime. As soon as an officer makes official contact, your first statement must be that you are carrying a concealed handgun.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Arizona
Upon DemandYou must truthfully inform the officer if they ask.
There is no immediate duty to disclose, but if a police officer asks if you have a weapon, you must answer truthfully.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Arkansas
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
Arkansas requires you to hand over your concealed carry license if an officer asks for identification. If carrying permitless, you must answer truthfully if asked about weapons.
View Full State Law Breakdown →California
Upon DemandVaries by permit, but generally Upon Demand.
State law does not mandate immediate disclosure, but many issuing agencies (County Sheriffs) write 'Immediate Disclosure' as a strict condition of holding their specific CCW permit. Always disclose if asked.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Colorado
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
There is no immediate duty to inform. However, if an officer asks for your ID or asks if you have a weapon, you must disclose and produce your permit.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Connecticut
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
You are required to produce your permit and disclose your firearm only if directly asked by law enforcement.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Delaware
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Delaware does not require you to volunteer information about your firearm during a traffic stop, nor is there a statute explicitly forcing disclosure.
View Full State Law Breakdown →District of Columbia
ImmediateYou must immediately inform the officer.
If carrying in D.C. with a valid D.C. permit, you are strictly required to inform the officer immediately upon contact.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Florida
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
You are under no legal obligation to volunteer that you are carrying a concealed weapon during a traffic stop. However, lying if directly asked can lead to secondary obstruction charges.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Georgia
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Georgia does not require you to inform law enforcement that you are carrying a firearm, though doing so is often recommended by attorneys as a courtesy.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Hawaii
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
Given the extreme rarity of Hawaii permits, if you lawfully have one, you must surrender it and disclose the weapon upon an officer's request.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Idaho
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Idaho does not require you to volunteer that you are carrying, but you must produce a permit (if applicable) or answer truthfully if directly asked.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Illinois
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
You are legally required to disclose that you possess a firearm if directly asked by the investigating officer.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Indiana
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Indiana has no law requiring you to volunteer your carry status during a traffic stop.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Iowa
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
There is no immediate duty to inform, but if asked by a peace officer, you must disclose and produce your permit if you have one.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Kansas
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
You are not required to immediately inform an officer, but must answer truthfully if asked.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Kentucky
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Kentucky does not require you to volunteer information about your firearm during a traffic stop.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Louisiana
ImmediateYou must immediately inform the officer.
Under Louisiana law, a person who is carrying a concealed weapon must notify the police officer immediately upon being stopped.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Maine
Immediate (Permitless)Immediate duty to inform ONLY if carrying without a valid permit.
Under 25 M.R.S. § 2003-A, if you are carrying under permitless carry laws, you must immediately inform law enforcement. Failure to do so carries a $100 fine. Permit holders do not have this immediate duty, they only need to provide ID on demand.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Maryland
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
Maryland requires you to disclose that you are carrying only if an officer asks.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Massachusetts
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
You are required to produce your LTC and disclose the firearm if requested by law enforcement.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Michigan
ImmediateYou must immediately inform the officer.
Under MCL § 28.425f, failure to immediately disclose your firearm on a first offense results in a $500 fine and a 6-month suspension of your Concealed Pistol License. A second offense carries a $1,000 fine and permanent revocation.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Minnesota
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
There is no immediate duty to inform, but you must answer truthfully and produce your permit if asked.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Mississippi
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Mississippi does not require you to volunteer your carry status during a traffic stop.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Missouri
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Missouri does not require you to inform law enforcement unless directly asked.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Montana
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Montana does not require you to volunteer information regarding your firearm.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Nebraska
ImmediateYou must immediately inform the officer.
You must immediately inform the officer upon contact that you are carrying a concealed handgun.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Nevada
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
Nevada does not require immediate disclosure, but you must provide your permit and ID upon request.
View Full State Law Breakdown →New Hampshire
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
New Hampshire does not require you to inform law enforcement of your firearm.
View Full State Law Breakdown →New Jersey
ImmediateYou must immediately inform the officer.
New Jersey's recent carry laws strictly require you to immediately disclose that you are carrying a handgun when stopped by law enforcement.
View Full State Law Breakdown →New Mexico
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
You must present your license and ID if a peace officer asks, but there is no proactive duty to inform.
View Full State Law Breakdown →New York
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
New York does not have a strict statewide immediate duty to inform law, but you must truthfully disclose and present your license if asked.
View Full State Law Breakdown →North Carolina
ImmediateYou must immediately inform the officer you are carrying.
North Carolina has a strict immediate duty to inform. You must notify the officer as soon as they approach the vehicle.
View Full State Law Breakdown →North Dakota
ImmediateYou must immediately inform the officer.
You are required to inform law enforcement that you are carrying a concealed weapon immediately upon contact.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Ohio
Upon DemandYou must truthfully inform the officer only if they ask.
Ohio law changed significantly via Senate Bill 215. The state shifted from an 'immediate duty' state to 'upon demand.' You are only legally required to disclose your firearm if the officer explicitly asks.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Oklahoma
ImmediateYou must immediately inform the officer.
You must immediately notify the officer that you possess a firearm during any arrest, detainment, or routine traffic stop.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Oregon
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Oregon does not require you to inform law enforcement that you are carrying a firearm.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Pennsylvania
Upon DemandYou must truthfully inform the officer if they ask.
There is no immediate duty to disclose, but if law enforcement asks if there are weapons in the vehicle, you must answer truthfully.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Rhode Island
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
You are required to produce your permit and disclose your weapon if asked by an officer.
View Full State Law Breakdown →South Carolina
Upon DemandYou must present your permit and inform the officer only if they ask for ID.
Under S.C. Code § 23-31-215(K), a permit holder must inform a law enforcement officer of the fact that he is a permit holder and present the permit identification card only when an officer identifies himself and requests identification. There is no standalone statutory duty to volunteer this information before being asked.
View Full State Law Breakdown →South Dakota
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
South Dakota does not have a duty to inform law.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Tennessee
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
There is no legal requirement to inform an officer that you are carrying a firearm in Tennessee.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Texas
Upon Demand (Hybrid)LTC holders must present their license with ID; Permitless carriers have no statutory duty.
If you hold a Texas License to Carry (LTC), you are required to hand it over alongside your driver's license when asked for ID. If you are carrying under permitless carry laws, there is no explicit statutory duty to inform unless directly asked.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Utah
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Utah does not require you to immediately inform an officer of your firearm.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Vermont
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
Vermont does not require you to volunteer your carry status.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Virginia
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
There is no proactive duty to inform, but you must surrender your permit and ID if asked by a law enforcement officer.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Washington
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
Washington state does not require immediate disclosure, but you must produce your concealed pistol license if requested.
View Full State Law Breakdown →West Virginia
No DutyNo statutory duty to inform.
West Virginia does not require you to inform law enforcement during a stop.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Wisconsin
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
You are required to produce your license and ID only if an officer asks for them.
View Full State Law Breakdown →Wyoming
Upon DemandYou must inform the officer if asked.
Wyoming does not require immediate disclosure, but you must provide your permit and ID upon request.
View Full State Law Breakdown →